Recently I have had really good luck using Anaconda to manage Python modules, but I didn’t know how to use the ArcGIS 10.2 ArcPy module with it. ArcGIS installs its own Python installation (C:\Python27\ArcGIS10.2) and I was only able to import arcpy when using the this copy of Python.
To make this work, I started with this really helpful stackoverflow post. Basically, I uninstalled all existing ArcGIS installations and python modules, installed ArcGIS, then installed Anaconda (or Miniconda) using all the default settings/options. I clicked the button to register Anaconda as the default Python installation, but I’m not sure this actually worked.
Unlike the stackoverflow poast, I then added C:\Anaconda and C:\Anaconda\bin to the system path, but I removed C:\Python27\ArcGIS10.2. For ArcGIS 10.2 (32bit), the file in C:\Python27\ArcGIS10.2\Lib\site-packages that you need to copy to C:\Anaconda\Lib\site-packages is called desktop10.2.pth. For ArcGIS 10.2 (64bit), the file in C:\Python27\ArcGISx6410.2\Lib\site-packages that you need to copy to C:\Anaconda\Lib\site-packages is called DTBGGP64.pth.
Finally, the only way I could get the Anaconda Python to be used when double clicking on a .py file was to modify the registry. I didn’t try it but you could probably change these values from the command prompt as outlined in the Python documentation. I changed the following keys to point to the Anaconda folder:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\Python.File\shell\Edit with IDLE
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\Python.File\shell\open
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\Python.CompiledFile\shell\open\command
After that I could import ArcPy from the Anaconda Python without error.
PyMorton 
This is very useful! Thanks!